Heriot

Heriot Introduction Heriot-Watt University is a university in Scotland based in Edinburgh. The university takes pride in offering practical solutions both to day global challenges as well as providing appropriate education to many students. The society is highly committed in digging deep into the challenges facing the society, assessing them and structuring appropriate programmes to tackle the problems.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Heriot-Watt University Blue-print Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The various academic disciplines are designed with the existing challenges in consideration. The courses offered by the institution are therefore meant to provide solutions to the community as a whole. The university brings together skills in interdisciplinary sections, each structured to handle a particular strategic theme. The themes are developed concerning what is viewed as the important problem affecting the soci ety. These themes bring together expertise from many disciplines. The major areas of concern targeted by change include; energy, environment, transport and infrastructure, risk and modeling, and the interface of the life sciences with the physical sciences and technology. The institution enjoys an excellent record of accomplishment in offering interdisciplinary and user-centred research. Such attainments will have an important input in enabling the organizations attain its goals. The targeted areas also hope to address the global market demands in those sectors and the need for the specialist in various fields. The areas targeted will be vital in addressing the ever-growing demand for the specialist in the energy sector, the environmental advisors, the transport and infrastructure planners , risk managers and modelers and those with the potential to create a harmony between the life sciences and the technological and physical sciences. Such gap reduction mechanisms between practice and science will be helpful in addressing some of the challenges that human race is facing in the planet.Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Heriot-watt University is widely known in a vast number of research areas. Some of the vital fields of focus comprises of photonics, business education, petroleum engineering, financial mathematics and actuarial science, risk management, decoding and interpreting, and logistics. These courses are considered demand driven and play a centrals role in many economies in the world. The needs to address the challenges presented the climate changes effects and development of the appropriate models that will help in risk management by the companies and organizations will be handy in the present age work places. We have also the issue of the existences of various techn9ologies that are developed by different firms, and some may be in a form that may not be easily useful to some clients, it will be essential and necessary to translate some the stuff into a format that they are easily disseminate to the end users. The institution aims at addressing such discrepancies. The proposed strategy aims to provide the institution with the direction to concentrate further on interdisciplinary research and teaching. The blue print not only targets the community where it operates but also targets to address the challenges on a global scale. Such an approach is aimed at widening the pool from which the institutions is aiming to work. The ability to address issues in the global scale will enable the institutions to have representatives and partners across the globe and thus have the masses who subscribe to the ideology of the institutions and this will give the institutions the necessary boost needed to survive in the competitive market place. The Strategy is structured to meet the needs of Scotland national economy at the UK at large. By virtue of its position, the universities are at the core of the country’s economy. The university achieves this by investing in research activities, concentrating on the agenda for skills development and advocating for innovation, entrepreneurship among many other developmental issues. The element of knowledge sharing and exchange is also highly valued as it is considered as an avenue to development of human capital, which translates into improved growth and productivity. Students are encouraged to share ideas, cultural diversity, and any other element that is considered fruitful.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Heriot-Watt University Blue-print Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Focus On the Future Strategy Focus on the Future is the ambitious strategy aimed to act as a blue-print in re-shaping Heriot-Watt University’s agenda. As outlined in the strategy, the university intends to r ealize a 50% growth in the academic base by the year 2015. Realizing such an ambitious move requires putting in place in the necessary mechanisms and work plan that must be followed. As a leading university in Edinburgh, Scotland, the university is determined to demonstrate its leadership in science, technology, and business. The three areas of focus form the core business approaches that will give the institutions an advantage over the other institutions. The subject areas are aimed at addressing the challenges that globalizations presents to different set up of businesses and internationals organizations across the globe. Multi-cultural diversity of the institutions enables the institutions to present the various modules of the courses aimed at addressing the challenges that such diversity may present. The strategy aims to raise the university’s standing from a national leading university to a recognized international institution that will attract foreign students. This is to be reflected in the university’s commitment to produce professionals in all specialization. The institution is highly determined to continue growth and investment this in effect is expected to have the institution as a leading international university in key world issues. Need Having an outstanding reputation of providing working solutions to the many development challenges within the country as well as in the international circles, the university is obligated to sustain the record. This will be achieved through continuous quality assurance checks and by emulating other institutions around the globe. Bearing in mind that meeting the clientele expectations is paramount, it will be essential for the organization to meet its obligation to the society. The institution has already set the foundation or the benchmark of the expectations that the society or people are expecting from it. The institutions ability to amicably address the challenges will be essential in its planning of the future undertakings. The strength of the university is demonstrated in its existing collaborative programmes, which include ScotCHEM in chemistry and chemical engineering; The ScotgriD advanced IT network; The Scottish institute for Research in Economics; and Edinburgh Research Partnership in Engineering and mathematics (ERPem).Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This acts to consolidate expertise in various disciplines where they bring on board their wide experiences in formulating solutions to the modern world challenges. Strategic Fit Energy This is one of the major areas in which the university has concentrated her efforts. The strategy aims to adopt a cohesive and coordinated approach to research and learning activities in energy field as well as other related disciplines. The combination of skills from experts in various fields is aimed to enhance meaningful research findings that can be utilize at both national and international level (Esty 2008). Outcomes The strategy has led to significant growth in the forefront Institute of Petroleum Engineering. This has been characterized by increased academic capacity in non-fossil going by also by the number of students and other key players interested in the field. The strategy builds on the existing institution’s technical capabilities. The institutions strength to adopt the strategy lies in its richness in facilities such as sufficient educational capacity and availability of research resources. This is also because of government and other private funding in research programmes like in petroleum engineering works, which has enabled the institute to expand its research facilities and acquire advanced machinery for the same. One core objective of the strategy is to reduce over-reliance on fossil fuels without necessarily doing away with it. The strategy aims to diversify energy sources. As the main recognized international university in Scotland, Heriot-Watt University intends to take the energy educational opportunities beyond the national boundaries. It targets all parts of the world especially the countries where increasing demand for energy constitutes national agenda. Major initiatives include: Optimizing discovery of sustainable gas and oil reserves with the aim of overcoming the global limitation. Increased development of voltaic systems, which have the c apacity to generate electricity. This is to keep pace with the steady escalating consumption. With expectations that oil reserves will be exhausted in 100 years to come, focus on alternative sources of energy such as voltaic systems is of great importance. School of built and construction undertakes research into architectural design which is intended to minimize energy loss in the buildings. Research programme at the International Centre for technology in Orkney on marine renewables with emphasis on marine environmental impacts. A team of professional in energy technology to deal with complex issues in energy such as security in supply, high living standards and the impacts on the environment. This is an area of great concern particularly when it comes to negative impacts on the environment as a result of current methods of obtaining energy. The university’s doctorate engineering programme which includes the theme, with options in solar energy and enhanced oil and gas recove ry A new master of science programme with emphasis in economics, business and management A large pilot plant to support experiments on low carbon buildings such as the eco-village. This is will be strategy to reduce overall emission as agreed in the recent G8 summit. In order to encourage information exchange, coordination, and collaboration among the players, a virtual Academy centre was constructed. The centre advances the University’s interests in energy resources and production, capturing and storage of carbon, efficiency, and utilization of energy. As a part of its strength, there are significant partnerships among the researchers. This is also demonstrated by the connectivity of the institution to major energy organizations and other researchers outside the university. The institution’s capacity in commercial knowledge transfer to the energy economy allows it to further develop and extend their technical abilities (Kurukulasuriya Mendelsohn 2006). Environment a nd Climate Change We cannot talk of development without addressing the environment we operate in. Environment and climate theme is in particular designed with the aim of understanding the environment and its impacts on the humanity. The strategy recognizes the fact that the issues of environment and climate have taken a centre stage on the global debate. The impact of man on the environment and the climate change has increased with the rising industrial revolution. How can we balance delicate equation of industrialization and environmental degradation? Industrialization, developmental activities such as agriculture have resulted into far reaching impacts on the environment and this is threatening the global future economy (Agrawala 2003). The strategy aims to address this challenge by conducting research to adjusting to low carbon lifestyle. For low carbon lifestyle to be this to be realized, it will take joint efforts of specialists from diverse fields of research to put ideas toge ther. Biologists’ work is combined with techniques developed by chemists and physicists. Mathematicians’ and stasticians’ skills are also brought on board to build theoretical models that enhance understanding of data and transforming these diverse ideas into something meaningful that we see the institution achieve some of its core values (Adger 1999). Nevertheless, this theme faces some challenges. The complexity nature of the environment and the chain of interacting factors makes difficult to understand changes that cause them. Another challenge lies in the difficulty in developing knowledge and tools top reduce the negative effects and adjusting our practices. In order to achieve this theme, a number of initiatives were put in place namely: comprehensive investigation in both physical and ecological set up of the environment and the change processes at work. focus on marine ecosystem and biodiversity; conducting research into formation and storage of gas, de veloping a model and undertaking an analysis on the population processes in ecology which entails an understanding of predator and prey relationship. The model also aims to predict how the relationships among different organisms lead to diseases and how it can be controlled. Formulation of a new master’s degree programme, which focuses on climate change and the control measures. The course targets students from various disciplines and incorporates inputs from actors the university. construction of a multi-disciplinary centre, which aims at taking advantage of the existing partnership with the external collaborators within the area of marine sciences. This center will also attract immense interests of stakeholders who will focus at reducing the negative impacts of climate change. This theme targets at bringing about change in technology use, social, as well as behavioural aspects (Bojà ¶ Reddy 2003b). One of the biggest challenge facing human being and the entire ecosystem s urvival is indeed the factor of climate change (environmental degradation). The importance of this subject accrues from the fact that it affects all the nations around the world. However, the poor are at more risk as compared to the rich. The impacts of climate change expose million of peoples to poverty and hunger as variations in weather and consequently climate affects food production and those who rely on agriculture are the most hit (Adger 1999). For there to be any meaningful development, the poor must be supported to overcome the challenges brought about by climate change. Many organizations especially, those interested in development, IFAD, for instance, climate change has a unique significance. Their mission is to empower people by helping them to overcome poverty (Bojà ¶ Reddy 2002). Economies of many developing countries across the world depend on agriculture. It is the mainstay for the poorest rural households. However, more than any other sector, it is the most direct ly affected by the issues of climate change (Abramovitz 2001). This further complicates the livelihoods of the rural poor who have no capacity to overcome the impacts of climate change. This is because they lack access to financial opportunities that would otherwise enable them to devise alternative means of survival (Boju et al., 2004). Failures in crop production, deaths in livestock, as result of drought are causing enormous economic losses among farmers. In effect, this has been marked by escalation in food prices and hence deterioration in food security. The situation has not been helped by the steadily swelling in the world population, especially in the developing world, which means high demand for food (Bruci 2004). FAO estimates project that, for food production to meet the demand of the rising population, it will need to double by the year 2050 (Githego et al., 2000). It is projected that deforestation and poor agricultural practices collectively make up approximately 26 to 35 per cent of total greenhouse gas discharge in the environment. On the other hand, agriculture and forestry can play a major role in handling the challenges of climate change. â€Å"Enhanced land management applications for instance rehabilitation of ruined land, agro forestry and high-quality agricultural practices can to a large extent contribute to bringing down the amount of greenhouse gas discharged in our environment† (Department for International Development 2004a, p.5). Involvement of the poor rural people in introducing sustainable development programme is key in overcoming challenges of climate change. A good number of this general population deal with huge tracks of forests and land and for that reason they can be essential participants in â€Å"natural resource management and carbon sequestration† (Department for International Development 2004b, p. 6). They are from time to time the caretakers of the natural or usual resource base and can put in signific ant information in the preservation efforts (Mani Sears 2006). According to the Department for International Development (2004d, p. 7), carbon-trading know-how be required to be go with with reimbursement programmes for the rural poor with respect to their ecological actions, which add to carbon sequestration or confiscation that limit carbon gas discharge in the environment. This will have an important role in addressing the climate change challenges that the globe is struggling to solve. The compensation program is aimed at allowing the rural to develop the essential carbon sinks that will help in reducing the level of carbon in the atmosphere and thus reduce the effects of global warming. The approach also helps in reducing the Green house gases that have been associated with the depletion of the vital ozone layer. This is believed to be one of the most dangers that global warming has presented to survival in the planet. The attempts to reduce and minimize the emissions will be crucial in ensuring that the planet will be able to support life in the near future. Sustaining soil and water preservation actions, presenting inducements to farmers and all other parties involved in sustainable or long-term production practices, and gratifying for carbon seizure or sequestration actions and avoiding or reducing deforestation, part of continued attempts to tone down the negative effects of climate alteration (Gornitz 1995). â€Å"In responding to the growing effects of climate change, IFAD is in the process of integrating adaptation and mitigation into its activities† (Dale 1997, p. 20). By giving attention to the needs and situations of the poor rural people during the planning process, risks and impacts of climate will be minimized at the same time achieving progress in development. Life and Physical Sciences Interface The university’s collaborations among the life sciences and physical sciences have grown tremendously in the recent past. This has b een facilitated by knowledge sharing opportunities and techniques (Bradley 2006). The approach aims to tackle this subject matter by intensifying the institution’s ability in â€Å"advanced bio-molecular science which is appropriate to human biology, and to develop and further exploit the relationship of this and related life science activities with other science and technology interests† (Energy Sector Management Assistance Program 2007, p. 5). Initiatives Leading an international team using micro array technology to study the interaction between the environment and genes. The objective of this research is to discover ways of dealing with metabolic diseases. This is in essence supposed to promote safe ageing by enhancing healthy muscle functioning (Bojà ¶ Reddy 2003a). Collaboration between clinicians and biomedical scientists to conduct investigations into the causes of tumors and slow healing of wounds affected patients. This is to be achieved mathematical modeli ng aimed at providing the insight and hence an understanding of cell biology. Development of new pharmaceutical products, which is long-term industrial product and has high efficacy Leading a major collaborative programme with the aim of developing new technologies to initiate the automatic production of embryonic cells A partnership of chemistry experts, chemical engineering specialist, and other experts in the complex-scale-up of bio-chemical processes for industrial scale production. More research in polymer synthesis and applications Developing special imaging techniques (hyper spectral ophthalmic) which allows for monitoring of the body development and to also give highly diagnostic information. Using ultra-high speed imaging techniques to measure how the behavior of insects as it flies. This information is then used in developing an improved aircraft. Development of automatic cell screening technologies gadgets. This is intended to help in studying the functioning of individua l cells. Continued collaboration among different disciplines. This is to enhance adaptation of the laboratory research findings to the industries. Increase in learning opportunities through formulation of new MSc programmes in life sciences, engineering, physical sciences, and mathematics and computer sciences. Risk and Modeling Being at the centre of modern living, Risk and its management form an important theme of the Focus on the Future strategy. The goal of the theme is to bring together the disciplines of actuarial mathematics, statistics, psychology, computer science, and engineering to be able to deal with mathematical and behavioural aspects of risk and uncertainty (Department for International Development 2004d). The approach adopted by the university aims to take advantage of the available experts in such fields as actuarial mathematics, probability and other appropriate disciplines that deal with uncertainty. The proposed collaborative approach intends to take into consi deration quantitative behavioural and social aspects associated with the problem and hence find solution as well as formulate control strategies. The proposed interdisciplinary approach is to ensure that the real problem and risks are handled (Hannah Midgley 2002). The approach is an improvement of the traditional methodology, where calculation and risk presentation was exclusively based on mathematics. The interdisciplinary approach combines elements of behavior and society in defining a problem and result into a workable solution and strategies to avoid similar situations (Department for International Development 2004c). Initiatives The university continues to build on the existing excellent record in high impact research which makes use of probabilistic approach in solving problems affecting the modern world Experts in the discipline of quantitative risk management develop techniques that can be used in determining the nature of risks as well their occurrence frequencies Contin ued involvement in the global assignment in genetics and insurance research centre provides a foundation for the development of a model that aids in understanding of human genetics on insurance markets Construction of a major centre staffed with experts in various fields provides an opportunity for continued research in risks. The institution provides training and advice to the public, business community as well as the government on how to manage risks. This acts to improves the people’s attitude towards risks and gives them confidence when they are faced with uncertainty. Promotion of opportunities provided by the training in risk management and applying such skills in other areas such as fund investment Infrastructure and Transport The university recognizes the increasing pace at which the urban population is accelerating. It is estimated that the current population proportion in urban centres is more that 50% and it is projected to exceed 60% by the year 2030(Hill et al., 2002). Such an increase in population is expected to put immense pressure on the available facilities and hence need expansion to meet the unprecedented demands. More and bigger population means more mouths to feed, many children to educate, increased demand on transport, increased demand for jobs from the youths, increased demand for sanitation, as well as demand for a clean environment. Given its vantage capacity, Heriot-Watt University is committed to take the lead in confronting these global challenges. The strategy for this theme is to bring together professionals from various academic fields such as those in the field of Schools of the Built Environment; Management and Languages, and Engineering and Physical Sciences so as they can work as team. The interdisciplinary collaboration brings together a team of internationally recognized experts. The professionals range from infrastructure designers to consultants in micro and micro management. Major initiatives include: To lead UK research effort in flood modeling and coordinating of flood risk management through collaboration of experts within the university and other public organizations. The institution also undertakes to investigate and address important issues relating to freight distribution in the Logistics Research Centre in the school of Management and Languages. Professionals and other experts in energy systems are committed to designing and development of automotives and aircraft engines as well as the instruments monitoring instruments. Professional and governmental exchange partnership between the Scotland and China governments is promoted by the Centre for Chinese and Urban Studies, leads to a long-term mutual benefit to the citizens of the two countries. The Logistics Research Centre in the School of Management and Languages is committed to working on freight distribution and research to reduce emission of carbon dioxide by increasing efficiency in transporting goods through improvement of h ighways and road systems. Proper planning which has ensured meaningful and functional facilities at all time has reinforced this. Development of research on specialized infrastructural materials which are able to detect their own state and in effect give necessary warning to avoid any likely harm to the people or negative environmental impacts. The continued research into optical fibre sensors makes it possible to for long-term structural monitoring systems, which are capable sensing any small strain over along period of time in civil engineering structures. The development of postgraduate programmes on city planning and design, transport and management when combined with the current programmes, they reinforce each other making it easier for the transfer of knowledge in offering practical solution s to the community The availability of international MSc programmes through distance learning module makes it easy to incorporate ideas from other countries affected with similar situation s Scottish University Physics Alliance (SUPA) This is an alliance, which brings together eight Scottish universities Physics. The major objectives is put physics in the forefront in the national strategy, also encourage collaboration among institutions, and promote efficiency and excellence within the discipline (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2001). In adopting a common approach in terms of staffing, training of the staff as well as issues of research and funding opportunities, the alliance brings together experienced experts as well as encourages training of upcoming scientists. The initiative has enabled Scotland to create the larges group of physics researchers in the UK (Griebenow 2006). This has also attracted funding from donors, sponsors, and stakeholders in the industrial market (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007). The alliance promotes the major themes, which are of great importance to the Scotland economy as well providing solutions to the global challenges. Such areas that provide solutions to global interests comprises of â€Å"energy, physics and life sciences, astronomy, condensed matter and materials physics, nuclear and plasma physics, photonics and particle physics† (Kishore 2007,p. 7 ). Scottish Informatics and Computer Science Alliance (SICSA) This alliance aims to expand Scotland’s research excellence in Informatics and Computer Science. The Scottish Informatics and Computer Science Alliance (SICSA) bring together researchers within computer science and informatics. The purpose of the partnership of these different fields is to merge and make stronger â€Å"Scotland’s ranking as the global researcher informatics and computer sciences key player† (Buchmann Nabhan 1996, p. 6). Reference List Abramovitz, Janet N., 2001. Unnatural disasters worldwatch paper 158. Washington: Worldwatch Institute Publishers. Adger, Neil V., 1999. Social vulnerability to climate change and extremes in coastal Vietnam. World Development Journal, vol.2, no.1, pp. 249-69. Agrawala, S., Ota, T., Ahmed, A., Smith, J., Aalst, M. 2003. Development, and climate change in Bangladesh: focus on coastal flooding and the Sundarbans. Environment Directorate and Development Co-operation Directorate Journal, vol.32, no. 2, pp.1-46. Bojà ¶, Jan M., Reddy, Ram C. 2002. Poverty reduction strategies, and environment: a review of 40 interim and poverty reduction strategy paper. Environment Department Paper Journal, vol. 86, no.1, pp.1-10. Bojà ¶, Jan M., Reddy, Ram C. 2003a. Poverty reduction strategies, and millennium development goal on environmental sustainability: opportunities for alignment. Environment Department Paper Journal, vol.92, no.1, pp.1-20. Bojà ¶, Jan M., Reddy, Ram C. 2003b. Status and evolution of environmental priorities in the poverty reduction strategies: an assessment of fifty poverty reduction Strategy papers. Environment Department Paper Journal, vol.93, no.1, pp.1-15. Bojà ¶ , Jan M., Green, Kenneth, Kishore, Sunanda, Pilapitiya, Sumith, and Reddy Ram (2004) Environment in poverty reduction strategies and poverty reduction support credits. Environment Department Paper Journal, vol.102, no. 1, pp.1-19. Bradley, R., Vuille, M., Diaz, H., Vergara, W., 2006. Threats to water supplies in the tropical Andes. Science Journal, vol. 312, no.1, pp.1755-56. Bruci, Dan V., 2004. Assessment of the expected climate change vulnerabilities in Albania. European Meteorological Society Annual Journal, vol.1, no.1, pp.1-25. Buchmann, S., Nabhan, G.,1996. The forgotten pollinator. Washington: Island Press. Dale, Virginia H., 1997. The relationship between land use change and climate Change. Ecological Applications Journal, vol. 77, no.3, pp. 753-69. Department for International Development, 2004a. The impact of climate change on the vulnerability of the poor: key sheets on climate change and poverty 3. London: London Publishers. Department for International Development, 2 004b. Climate change deepens poverty and challenges poverty reduction strategies: key sheets on climate change and poverty 1. London: London Publishers. Department for International Development, 2004c. Adaptation to climate change:making development disaster-proof: key sheets on climate change and poverty 6. London: London Publishers. Department for International Development, 2004d. Adaptation to climate change: can insurance reduce the vulnerability of the poor. Key sheets on climate change and poverty 8. London: London Publishers. Energy Sector Management Assistance Program, 2007. Millennium development goals, Ghana’s strategy for poverty reduction. National Development Planning Journal, vol.3, no. 6, pp.1-177. Esty, D., Levy, M., Kim, H., Sherbinin, A., Srebotnjak, T., Mara, V., 2008. Environmental performance index: Yale center for environmental law and policy. Yale: New Haven Publishers. Githeko, A., Lindsay, S., Confalonieri, U., Patz, J., 2000. Climate change and vec tor-borne diseases: a regional analysis. World Health Organization Environmental Journal, vol. 78, no.9, pp. 1136-47. Gornitz, Vivien M., 1995. Sea-level Rise: A review of recent past and near future Trends. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Journal, vol. 20, no.1, pp. 7-20. Griebenow, Ann G., 2006. Conflicts in the human-elephant border: studying the possible causes in the bias conservation area in Ghana. Tropical Resource Journal, vol. 25, no.1, pp. 45-49. Hannah, L., Midgley, G., 2002. Conservation of biodiversity on a changing Climate. Conservation Biology Journal, vol. 16, no.1, 264-68. Hill, J., Thomas, C., Fox, R., Telfer, M., Willis, S., Asher, J., 2002. Responses of butterflies to twentieth century climate warming: implications for future range. Royal Society B Journal, vol. 269,no.1,pp. 2163-71. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001, Climate change 2001: The scientific basis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007. Climate change 2007: The physical science basis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kishore, S., 2007. Mainstreaming environment in the implementation of PRSPs in Sub-Saharan Africa. Environment Department Paper Journal, vol.112, no.2.pp.1-13. Kurukulasuriya, P., Mendelsohn, R., 2006. Crop selection: adapting to climate change in Africa. CEEPA Pretoria Journal. Mani, M., Sears, A., 2006. Implementation of environment and natural resources aspects in development policy lending: first year review. Environment Department Journal, vol. 111, no.1, pp.1-10.

How to Remain Calm and Avoid Power Struggles

How to Remain Calm and Avoid Power Struggles You know the circumstance all too well, a child disrupts you or the class or doesnt want to adhere to rules, routines or your instructions. You reprimand the child who then becomes defiant and refuses your request outright. Before you know it, youre engaged in a power struggle. In no time you send the student to the office or have somebody from the office come to collect the student. What have you gained? The term for this is Short term relief but long term grief. There are no winners in a power struggle. Do what the great teachers do - avoid power struggles. Unfortunately, the classroom is the place where power struggles can occur on a frequent basis because teachers are always wanting our students to comply with things they would prefer not to do. However, think of your strategy as getting commitment rather than compliance. Here are some of the tricks that will help you to avoid power struggles: Remain Calm, Do Not Become Defiant Dont over-react. You are always modeling appropriate behaviors in all that you do. Do not show your anger or frustration, believe me, I know this can be difficult but it is a must. A power struggle requires 2 people, so you cannot engage. You do not want to escalate the students behavior. Remain calm and composed. Save Face Dont center the student out in front of their peers, this is very important to the child. It is never good to humiliate the child in front of their peers and you wont build positive relationships if you do. When you respond with an Ive had enough of you speaking out, off to the office with you or If you dont stop that, Ill.......... youll gain nothing. These kinds of statements often escalate a situation in a negative way. You need to think of the end result and statements like this in front of the childs peers will make him more confrontational and a power struggle is more likely to occur. Instead, get the rest of the class working to enable you to have a one to one conversation with the disruptive student just outside the classroom door or quietly at the childs desk. Do not engage with anger, frustration, power or anything that may intimidate the student, it is more likely to escalate the disruptive behavior. Try to validate the students need, I can see why you are angry about....b ut if you work with me, well talk about his later...... After all, your goal is to calm the student, so model the calmness. Dis-engage Do not engage the student. When you model confrontation you will naturally end up in a power struggle. Regardless of how stressed you are - dont let it show. Dont engage, after all, the disruptive student is usually seeking attention and if you give the attention, youve given the student a reward for acting negatively. Ignore minor behaviors, if the student is acting in such a way that a response is required, simply use a matter of fact comment (Jade, your comment isnt appropriate, lets talk about it later and carry on. If its more severe: Jade those comments you made surprise me, youre a capable student and can do better. Do you need me to call the office? At least this way, they make the choice. Deflect the Student's Attention Sometimes you can re-focus the student by ignoring what was said and ask if the specific assignment is done or if the student has something that needs finishing. A little later you might have a one to one with the student suggesting that you didnt appreciate the interruption earlier that disrupted the rest of the class but that youre happy to see him/her working productively again. Always re-focus on what matters. Ask the student how the problem can be resolved, make the student part of the solution. Chillax Time Sometimes it is important to allow the child a chilling out time. Quietly ask the child if a quiet time elsewhere is needed. A buddy classroom or study carrel might just be enough. You may wish to tell him to take some chillaxing time and remind him/her that youll talk when theyre feeling up to it. Wait Time Allow some time for the child to calm down before determining what the consequence will be. This helps to de-escalate the anger the child may be feeling. If you can use humor in the de-escalation process, all the better and it will help you out of a power struggle. Remember the golden rule: Up, down and up again. For instance Jade, youve had such a terrific day, Ive been so proud of you. I dont understand why you are choosing not to follow instructions now. Perhaps Ill give you 5 minutes to think about it and youll be that terrific person I know you to be. Up, down, up. Use common sense and know when to be flexible enough to compromise.

Discussion Board Question for criminal justice Assignment - 3

Discussion Board Question for criminal justice - Assignment Example . (Saferstein, 2011). The assessment of bloodstain pattern also limits the need to collect a lot of redundant blood sample for DNA testing, emphasizing importance of blood patter observation. (Ramsland, n.d). Shape of blood stain can help predict the tool used. For example, it may be deduced that it was a blunt instrument used just by shape and distribution of blood patterns.(Dave, 2014).Features of the pattern can hint to the kind of object that formed it and the least number of blows delivered by the object. For instance, the characteristic spurts present in an arterial spray spatter are created by the ongoing pumping of blood from an arterial injury. ( Saferstein, 2011) Surface texture can significantly affect the outline of bloodstain. The texture of the surface is related with the disruption of a blood drop on contact with the surface. .( Saferstein 2011).Smooth surface for instance glass, will provide a stain with clean edges and shapes of proper geometric ratio.  A rough surface on the other hand, say concrete, will break the surface tension irregularly and hence produce a star burst. .( Saferstein, 2011) Nevertheless, circular blood drops imply that the murder was moving way at a slow speed, but spiny edges imply the murderer might have took off running.( Dave,2014) Various types of bloodstains show how the blood was projected from the body and information like type of injury, order in which the wounds were received, and how far the blood drops fell before hitting the surface where they were found could be obtained. (Ramsland,n.d ) Flow pattern of the blood stains can also give information. For instance, if the pattern suggests the flow was interrupted, it may be helpful in assessing the sequence and time past between the flow and its interruption. . ( Saferstein ,2011) Moreover, because the direction of flows is caused by

4.Is the process of globalization undermining the authority of the Essay

4.Is the process of globalization undermining the authority of the state and removing it from its central role in International Relations - Essay Example (McGrew, 1998, p 219-243) Gilpin (1987, p19) argues that the process of globalisation is characterised by the interaction of economic and political issues between sovereign states. However, this [process of globalisation has been intensified because of the introduction of technology, better communication and better modes of travel between these countries. Liberal economists believe that globalisation assists in the process of building peace in the world. It encourages economic growth and also institutes order in the international arena. Kennedy (1993, p 12) also adds that the process of globalisation has shown how states no longer take up the central role in their individual economic process. This argument can be verified by the existence of a global economy. The forces affecting the global economy have very little to do with what is prevalent in specific countries. Additionally, the rate of flow on capital from the international arena into and out of specific countries also indicates how nations are loosing their central role. Because of globalisation in the business sector, politics in individual countries has to change to accommodate this new phenomenon,. Some of the arguments for against the denationalisation of states will be examined inn the essay below. These arguments will be based on their effect on state authority in international relations. Jackson and James (1999, p 34) describe the state as a community of persons that have the sole authority to exert physical force within a certain territory. This means that there are certain features that are distinct to states. If these features are eliminated then that particular state will not have a central role. These factors include; ONeill (2006, p13) says that the issue of globalisation has not undermined the states’ role because it has not hampered the issue of central political relations. A case in point is the European Union, where member states from various parts

England In the years 1067-1075 Essay Example for Free

England In the years 1067-1075 Essay a) How far do these sources support the view expressed in source one that, in the years 1067-1075, William had favoured conciliation in his attempts to establish peace in England? The view of William I favoring conciliation in his attempts to establish peace, to a certain extent, do agree with a number of the sources. This is only to a degree due to events that occurred between the years 1067 and 1075 that pushed William into more brutal and violent methods of subduing the English and securing his authority over England. Sources that do agree with William I using peaceful procedures to establish peace are sources three and four. Both sources to a great extent agree with the first source. Source three depicts how appeasement established authority. The source describes the naval and land levies, proving that William favoured conciliation. William had enough trust with the English to take them to war with him, and that they would not mutiny. This trust can be linked with source four; William felt strong enough to leave England in the hands of William fitz Osbern and go to Normandy. However, did the English really have a choice? With the erection of castles, the use of cavalry, and Norman landholders, the English may have been forced to fight for him; there is little detail of the events or others before or after. Source four also agrees, for throughout the duration of the documents Lanfranc negotiates peacefully with Roger warning him of the seriousness but giving him a second chance. Lanfranc assures him, of safe conduct, and to give the earl what help he can, saving his allegiance. The source is limited due it being correspondence over just the year 1075. Before and after this date other issues may have aroused, and the letters are not written by William I but by Lanfranc1 who was a very trusted friend to William. However, though acting on the Kings behalf, of appeasement, Lanfranc would have used his own ideas and thoughts on the case. Finally, as Hereford was the son of William fitz Osbern, he could have been treated differently for his links with William I; they were friends from their childhood2. Source two and five disagree with the statement in source one. Source two is from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle3; as a consequence of the invasion, William is described to have devastated Yorkshire (Harrying of the North) 4 ravaged and laid waste to the shire. There is no implication of conciliation from William. Source two is inadequate due to it only covering one year, it does not take into account events outside of 1069. The Anglo authors of the chronicle could be biased towards the Normans, exaggerating the truth, leaving out appeasement by William I. Source five also disagrees with the statement recounting how William ruined Norwich, and blinded some of the traitors. The source is partial due to it covering only one date and the account of the situation is brief, and may exaggerate the Norman methods. The primary sources (source two, four, and five), overall, have an unbalanced view of William I and his tactics for establishing peace in England. The main drawback to most of the sources is the lack of facts during the years 1065 and 1075. This means that the revolts that occurred before 1069 are not mentioned. A final limitation, which I believe is the most key, is a list of rules that William I laid down when he first conquered England. The first rule was that above all things he (William) wishes one God to be revered throughout his whole realm, one faith in Christ to be kept ever inviolate, and peace and security to be preserved between English and Normans. Williams want, and favor towards peace is fully recognised in this statement. Foot Notes; 1. Lanfranc was, at the time, head of the new foreign bishops and abbots and also Archbishop of Canterbury. Lanfranc was unimpressed with the quality of the English clergy and during Williams reign supported his policy of promoting foreigners to high office in the Church. 2. William fitz Osbern, as a boy William I loved him above other members of his household. William I and William fitz Osbern were related, as fitz Osberns father was the grandson of Duke Richard of Normandys half-brother, Rodulf. Later on Roger Earl of Hereford had to forfeit his land and loose his title as Earl of Hereford. This though not brutal is not favoring conciliation by William I or Lanfranc (on Williams behalf). 3. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle was for the years before and during the conquest of England the main source of evidence and information. There exist three versions: C, D and E, derived from a common source but with some differences. The chronicle supplies a uniquely English account of political events and allows us to make comparisons with the rather obvious Norman propaganda. 4. The Harrying of the North was in response, by William I, to the revolts occurring in the North (Yorkshire) during the years 1069-70. William had marched north with seasoned troops, devastating the countryside as they went, and slaughtering all the adult males. What his troops conflicted on the people was so terrible that chroniclers remembered it over fifty years later. In the Domesday book, made in 1086, it simply records Yorkshire as waste due to the brutality of William the land was depopulated, villages left deserted, farms empty, and this was fifteen years later. b) To what extent did the Revolts in the years 1069-75 aid William I to assist his Royal Authority in England? The revolts between the years 1069-75, to a great extent, aided William I to assert his royal authority across England. They provided William with the chance and excuse to use and show his military power. William was able to remove key Anglo-Saxon lords who posed a threat to him; build castles to maintain his control of the country; and it allowed him to firmly set, in the minds of the Saxons, that the Normans werent just invaders, like the Vikings, but conquerors of England. However, the revolts were not the only reason for Williams successful affirmation of royal authority on the country. William adopted methods of conciliation. He kept the Anglo-Saxon traditions such as sheriffs, shires, coronation rights and writs and added Norman culture and society on top to create an Anglo-Norman England. Before the revolts William was in a very exposed position. He had five thousand men to the two million Saxons, and he had no control of the North, West or East of England. Due to this vulnerability William was systematically peaceful in dealing with the Anglo-Saxons; using conciliation rather than consolidation. The revolts were essential to the change in Williams attitude towards the situation. He began to use brutal, ruthless methods to obtain his authority. The importance of the revolts depended on who was involved and the consequences of the revolt. Though there were minor revolts, when comparing them to revolts such as the Northern revolt (1069-70), they are taken into account to supply us, the historian, with a realistic overview of how dire Williams need was to obtain and retain royal authority. Rebellions began to inflame the country, in 1067 the Welsh border, lead by Eric the Wild, revolted in Herefordshire. Subsequently the south-west revolted in 1068, with the city of Exeter refusing to accept William as their King, and Harold Godwinsons sons attempted a counter invasion in the summer of 1068. Between the years 1069 and 1070 the North revolted. Rebels in the North burned to death a Norman Earl, Robert of Commines, in Durham. A Viking army of 240 ships, led by the sons of Swegn Estrithsson, landed at Humber and marched on York. They gained support from the local Saxons, and they seized York. Their success produced a domino affect sparking revolts in Dorset, Cheshire, Staffordshire and Somerset. William faced the possibility of a Scandinavian Kingdom in the north of England, or a separate Kingdom for Edgar, the last prince of the Royal House of Wessex. William reacted to these revolts with characteristic vigour, skill and utter brutality. He became the barbarous murderer of many thousands, both young and old, of that fine race of people1. The Welsh failed to take control of the border, and retired to Wales with much booty. Exeter, in the south-west revolt of 1068, was laid under siege for 18 days, by Williams troops, by which time they accepted William as their King. Harolds sons were repelled by Williams forces in the summer of 1068. William to counter-act this made a series of lighting raids through Warwick, Nottingham, York, Lincoln, Huntingdon and Cambridge to show his presence as the new King. In reaction to the revolts in the North, William marched North with troops from York and Nottingham, devastating the countryside, slaughtering all adult males and pillaging as he went, killing animals and burning crops. This was called the Harrying of the North and the destruction of the land was so terrible that when mentioned in the Domesday Book, 20 years later, it was classed as a waste land. From Yorkshire William pushed his men across the Tees in the winter and took Chester, and Stafford, and was back in Winchester before Easter 1070. Due to the revolts and the resulting victories for William, who had either killed or utterly suppressed the resistance, he had to enforce his power, and show that the Normans were the new rulers and would not leave. William accomplished this by first building motte-and-bailey castles across England. William began to erect them right at the start of his campaign, even before the battle of Hastings, and they were virtually unheard of in England. William built hundreds across England, to show the Normans strength and power over the population. This geopolitical process meant that they exerted control over the surrounding countryside. The Normans would demolish houses in the centre of towns to erect a castle. This happened in towns such as Cambridge, Lincoln and Dorchester2. These castles were, and still are, looming features over the landscape3. They were built in the centre of towns for economic reasons; the material or foundations of earlier fortifications (Roman/Saxon) were there already, and also it was cheaper to build on existing forts rather than building on top of a hill, having to transport supplies and food up it. Another affect of castles was their psychological affect on the Saxon population. Castles were a conspicuous emblem of Royal authority4, and were clearly statements of power to the indigenous people5. By the end of the revolts, 1075, William felt secure enough with his authority over England that he went back to Normandy and left his trusted advisor and Archbishop of Canterbury, Lanfranc in charge of the kingdom. Another factor which was opened up due to the revolts, and the success for William I, was the replacement of all the Anglo-Saxon earls. The earls were either dead from the revolts or just forced off their land. William strategically placed relatives or close friends to tenet the earldoms. For example Odo of Bayeaux, was earl of Kent and half-brother to William I. Also the new earl of Hereford, William fitz Osbern, was Williams cousin. This formed a tight, trustful network of family and friends which William could rely on. Another advantage to William of the revolts was it allowed him to fully assert royal authority on Anglo-Saxon church. William had to as, 30% of land in England was permanently owned by the church, bishops and abbots were literate, powerful men who advised the old Kings of Saxon England. If William could control the church he would be successful in his total control of England. William achieved this by removing 99% of all Saxon bishops, abbots and clergy, with Norman-French ones by 1087. William built new stone cathedrals, as a sign of domination, on top of old wooden Saxon churches. This had the same affect as the castles, showing the Norman supremacy over the Saxons. In 1070 the most powerful churchman in England, Stigand Archbishop of Canterbury, was deposed and replaced by Lanfranc, an Italian monk who was Williams greatest advisor. Three other important Saxon bishops were also removed, and also many abbots. Finally in 1072 Lanfranc gained superiority over the Archbishop of York, thus making Canterbury the chief church post in England. As Lanfranc had control over the North, this aided William with his control. In the 11th century, people were very suspicious and believed solely in the existence of God. These men of God, the bishops and abbots were trusted by the Saxon people no matter what race they were, even Norman, because of the risk it could cause them in the afterlife if they offended them. The extent of royal authority being asserted on England does not solely come from the revolts but also from Williams conciliation of the country, mainly before the revolts. Although the landscape of England had changed with the formation of castles, looming over the country and the mounted cavalry, trotting through the towns and villages, William I always governed through legal and rightful inheritance from Edward the Confessor with the use of Anglo-Saxon tools of government and traditions of kingship. When William came to the throne, December 25th 1066, he was crowned in the traditional Anglo-Saxon manner, like Edward the Confessor before. This showed his belief in tradition and proved his rightful claim to the throne. By using the ancient traditions of Anglo-Saxon kingship ceremonies alongside the unique circumstances that brought him the crown, William and his successors were able to appeal both to English customs and to the Norman sense of righteous conquest. William in the lead up to the revolts kept the country as it was, making no major changes and if any were made they would consist of a mixture of Anglo-Saxon and Norman customs. The main household after 1066 was not fundamentally changed. The only big difference in the household was that after 1066, and especially around 1087 (William Is death) the nobles were increasingly Norman. At first William kept some Anglo-Saxons in his household, one example was Regenbald, and he was the chancellor and was in command of the Royal seal under Edward the Confessor and William I. This shows Williams desire for continuity within the government, and only adding extras on top mixing the two cultures of the Normans and the Anglo-Saxons. The earldoms at the beginning of Williams reign did not change. They remained as the four large Earldoms of East Anglia, Mercia, Wessex and Northumbria. However, around the time of the rebellions against William I (1070s), William I granted the land to new nobles and tenants. As a result he and his two half-brothers owned 50% of England, the Church remained with around 30%, and roughly 12 barons (great lords) shared the remaining 20%. These 12 barons, basically like his half-brothers, were often related through hereditary or marriage to William. Kingship was very much affected by the character of the King on the throne at the time. So this was destined to change with the accession of William I. William I had to be physically strong, spending most of his time on the move (itinerant kingship). Also mentally strong to dominate the churchmen and the barons who all had their own ambitions and interests. With this change in kingship, William introduced a fairly new system of crown-wearing sessions. William I wore his crown and regalia where the people could see him. Three major times for this crown-wearing was Easter at Winchester, Christmas at Gloucester, and on Whitsun in Westminster. This new method and change in kingship could have been a sign of William Is security as King. However, William I could of used crown-wearing sessions for another reason, to state his claim and right to the throne, indefinitely, upon landholders, and the barons. This would agree with his use of the coinage system set up in England before 1066. William on his coins and seals had a picture of him sitting on the throne with all his regalia, on one side, and on the other him on a horse with a sword; William is declaring his claim to the throne, by right, and if that is not enough by force and bloodshed. William changed the iconography of kingship to add strength to his kingship. The chancery of pre-1066 was only slightly revolutionised. After 1066 the clerks, who wrote up the laws and grants began to progressively, under William, write the laws in Latin. Latin was the language of authority, the Norman nobles and the officials wrote in Latin. This language of power was fully founded around 1070. The use of clerks was not new to England. William I only adapted them to his cultural needs and desires. Also Latin was not known throughout the greater population. This causes supremacy over the plebs on the land, and dominates their lives. Sheriffs were the Kings official in a shire. These officials had been around before William. William I did not have sheriffs back in Normandy, and found them to be very useful. After the rebellions around the 1070s, sheriffs were increasingly Norman (as were the earls and bishops). The powers of the sheriffs increased hugely, and they were often in charge of royal castles (castellans) as well. Most Norman sheriffs were aristocrats who had much more wealth and power than the previous Anglo-Saxon sheriffs. A final instrument used by William I to completely assert his authority on the country was the production of the Domesday Book6. This book allowed the King to find out who had what and who owed what, twenty years after his seizure of the kingdom. The Domesday Book also shows us how sophisticated the Anglo-Saxon government was before the Normans. Without the shires, hundreds and sheriffs this type of census would have been near impossible to make. The Domesday Book is a record of a conquered kingdom, but it is a testament to the survival of the Anglo-Saxon government in many aspects. William I was aided by the revolts (1069-75) to a great extent. The revolts changed the King from conciliation to consolidation. However, the revolts, the castle building, the revolutionary change of the earldoms and the church, came, all, after the revolts. A new set of values had been introduced into England; these were based upon loyalty and military service. The government of the new king was based upon the traditional procedures and customs of Edward the Confessor but was enforced with a savage energy inspired by, mainly, the revolts between the years 1069-75. Foot Notes; 1. William the Conquerors deathbed confession, from Orderic Vitalis The Ecclesiastical History written 1123-41. 2. Cambridge (27 houses were demolished), Gloucester (16 houses demolished), Lincoln (166 houses demolished), and in Dorchester (an area of 150,000 square metres was taken up). 3. Article in History Today, Volume 53, Issue 4. 4. Article in History Today, Volume 53, Issue 4. 5. Article in History Today, Volume 53, Issue 4. 6. The Domesday Book was written in 1086, and was so-called due to its verdicts being just as unanswerable as the Book of the Day of Judgment. It was written in Latin, on parchment and includes 13,400 place names on 888 pages. No other country in the world produced such a detailed historical record at such an early date.

Foreign Language Essay :: Foreign Languages Essays

Foreign Language Essay Innehà ¥llsfà ¶rteckning Innehà ¥llsfà ¶rteckning  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 Inledning  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 Sammanfattning  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 Allmà ¤nt  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 Japans industriella  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6 struktur Faktorer som bidragit  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11 till Japans framgà ¥ngar Jà ¤mfà ¶relse mellan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 Sverige och Japan Kà ¤llfà ¶rteckning  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18 Bilaga  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  19 Inledning Sverige à ¤r nu i en djup là ¥gkonjunktur, med massor av "sparpaket". Dà ¤rfà ¶r tyckte jag att det skulle vara intressant att titta pà ¥ just en av và ¤rldens stà ¶rsta och starkaste marknadseko ­nomier och se vad som skiljer den mot Sverige. Jag valde inte USA utan Japan som kommer lite i skymundan mot den stora jà ¤tten i Và ¤st. Jag kommer att ta upp lite om fà ¶retagsstruktur d v s om de à ¤r konglomerat eller ej, stort eller litet o s v. Sedan tà ¤nkte jag ta upp lite om instà ¤llningen till arbete hos japanerna, d v s hur deras tra ­ditioner à ¤r i fà ¶rhà ¥llande till arbetet. Pà ¥ det hà ¤r sà ¤ttet tà ¤nkte jag pà ¥visa vad som gà ¶r Japan till en rela ­tivt solid ekonomi. Jag vill ocksà ¥ visa vad som gjort att Japan har haft sà ¥ otroliga framgà ¥ngar speciellt efter andra và ¤rldskriget. Sammanfattning Japan à ¤r ett relativt litet land, men à ¤ndà ¥ har det utvecklat en và ¤l ­digt stark ekonomi. Bristen pà ¥ tillgà ¥ngar och det isolerade là ¤get har lett till att japanerna mà ¥ste ha en effektiv handel à ¶ver grà ¤n ­serna. Japan har ett và ¤lutvecklat industridepartement som samarbetar dagligen med industrin och fungerar som ett samordnings- och rà ¥dgivningsorgan. De stora industrigrupperna stà ¥r fà ¶r hà ¤lften av Japans fà ¶rà ¤dlings ­và ¤rde, men bara ca 1/5 av sysselsà ¤ttningen. Detta beror frà ¤mst pà ¥ att industrigrupperna tillà ¤mpar livstidsanstà ¤llning och seniori ­tets ­systemet vilka à ¤r mycket kostsamma, men ger mà ¥nga fà ¶rdelar bl a effektiva arbetare. Industrigrupperna samarbetar med smà ¥- och medelstora fà ¶retag, de hjà ¤lper dem med bl a finansiering och rà ¥d ­givning. I gengà ¤ld arbetar de mindre fà ¶retagen lojalt fà ¶r de stora och blir som ett slags sà ¤kerhetsomrà ¥de fà ¶r dem. De flesta japanerna sparar fà ¶r en oviss framtid, dà ¤rfà ¶r att de ej har nà ¥gon speciell social trygghet genom staten, endast en folk ­pension pà ¥ ca 3816 kr/mà ¥nad. Genom detta sparande blir ban ­kerna enormt kapitalstarka och dà ¤rfà ¶r à ¤r just de 4 stà ¶rsta banker ­na i và ¤rlden ja ­panska. Det genomsnittliga sparkapitalet fà ¶r en japansk familj à ¤r ca 354 000 kr. Deras marginalskatt à ¤r endast ca 10% vilket moti ­verar à ¶vertidsarbete och mer sparande, dà ¤rfà ¶r arbetar japanerna ca 6 h mer à ¤n t ex europà ©er. Det finns mà ¥nga faktorer som har bidragit till Japans framgà ¥ngar framfà ¶r allt efter andra và ¤rldskriget bl a den stabila stà ¤llningen in ­ternationellt, den effektiva inrikespolitiken, nà ¤ringssystemet, styr ­ningen av fà ¶retagen och de effektiva arbetarna. Jà ¤mfà ¶r man Sverige och Japan sà ¥ à ¤r det, det lite stà ¶rre landet med 8 miljoner inv. mot det lilla landet med en enorm befolkning pà ¥ 125 miljoner.

Product Life Cycle of Nutri-Grain Essay

* The brand was first introduced in the United States in 1991 for a breakfast cereal bars consisting of fruit filling covered in a crust without added sugar. * There were four varieties initially (rye, corn, barley and wheat); later these were reduced to corn and wheat * There are various Nutri-Grain Bars made from the breakfast cereal bonded together, available in the markets where the cereal is available. The bars became popular in the 1990s as an â€Å"on-the-go† food. * In the United States the Nutri-Grain Bar name is used for the soft golden baked crust breakfast bars made with wheat, whole-grain, and oats. Product Development Nutri-Grain was developed in 1980 by Kellogg’s Company which was already successful in making cereal that people enjoyed. Kellogg’s wanted to produce a on to go cereal breakfast bar that was healthy and was filling. Introduction Nutri-Grain was launched in 1997 and was instantly a hit among the middle class population who had little time to spare and need food on the go. It gained almost 50% of share of the growing cereal bar market in just two years. In just 1997 they had sold about 4,000 tons of cereal bars. In 1997 they made of a soft crust with a fruit filling inside. They were popular amongst both adults and children. Nutri-Grain was advertised on T.V, magazines and newspapers Growth During the growth stage, Nutri- Grains sales climbed rapidly as more people overseas became aware of the product. The product became very popular in Great Britain, Australia and New Zealand. The growth and profit was short lived as sales started to die out. The product looked like it was going into decline without even going into the maturity stage. The growth stage lasted for a year in 1999 Maturity In 2000 Kellogg’s decided to increase profits and bring back the sales that they were starting to lose. They introduced a new type of cereal bar called Twists which were essentially 2 small soft bakes with different flavors twisted into one bar. This worked because the sales rose again, this lasted for about for another year

Ambition in Macbeth Essay

Julius Caesar once said â€Å"When the gods wish to take vengeance on a man for his crimes they usually grant him considerable success and a period of impunity, so that when his fortune is reversed he will feel it all the more bitterly†. This quote directly reflects the problem with over ambition in effective all cases. Being over ambitious can bring someone to great heights but usually also leads to their downfall. In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the situation is no different. Macbeth, the protagonist in the play, is cursed with over ambition. This affliction brings him to great heights in his career however ultimately leads him to his downfall. Three main examples of Macbeth’s blind ambition go as follows. Near the beginning of the play Macbeth is awarded the title of the Thane of Cawdor by the late Kind Duncan after he managed to capture the previous thane on crimes of treason. Macbeth is temporarily content with his title but that was not to last. Upon his wife, named Lady Macbeth, receiving word of a prophesy regarding Macbeth becoming king she begins to hatch a plot to have Macbeth seize power from Duncan. Macbeth, hesitantly accepts the plot after much prodding from his wife by saying† I am settled, and bend up each corporal agent to this terrible feat. Away, and mock the time with fairest show: false face must hide what the false heart doth know. †(1.7. 89-93) This simply means that he must hide his true intentions from Duncan before he kills him. Shortly after his coronation, Macbeth begins to fell unsafe with his position. He feels the guilt bearing down on him at almost every moment in the day and he has trouble sleeping. He ponders the witches prophesy and realizes the next step that he must take. The witches stated that Banquo â€Å"Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none: So all hail, Macbeth and Banquo! †(1.3.70-71) Given this knowledge, Macbeth is worried that Banquo may overthrow Macbeth. He hires three murderers to go out and kill Banquo and his son Fleance. He says â€Å"Well then, now Have you consider’d of my speeches? Know That it was he in the times past which held you So under fortune, which you thought had been Our innocent self: this I made good to you In our last conference, pass’d in probation with you, How you were borne in hand, how cross’d, the instruments, Who wrought with them, and all things else that might To half a soul and to a notion crazed Say ‘Thus did Banquo.’ † (3.1.80-90) By saying this, he basically pins all of their troubles on Banquo and thus giving them reason to kill him. The third and ultimately final example of Macbeth’s reckless ambition occurs when Macbeth has the family of MacDuff, one of his Thanes, killed to simply send a message to the people of Scotland that he was not to be trifled with. Coincidentally, the reason that spurred him on to do this and the reason MacDuff manages to convince Prince Malcolm are quite closely connected. MacDuff escapes to England to raise an army against Macbeth, upon arriving he is questioned by Malcolm who had escaped previously as to the reason for his arrival. The only thing that allowed MacDuff to convince Malcolm to do this for him was the furor he had mustered upon receiving word of his dead family. He exclaims: â€Å"O, I could play the woman with mine eyes And braggart with my tongue! But, gentle heavens, Cut short all intermission; front to front Bring thou this fiend of Scotland and myself; Within my sword’s length set him; if he ‘scape, Heaven forgive him too! † (4.3.269-273) In conclusion, these three events had temporarily positive effects and long lasting extremely negative effects on Macbeth and ultimately leading to his death. He did not remain content with the title bestowed upon him by Duncan and instead strive after the title for king for himself. He sought to stop  the prophesy bestowed upon him by the witches by having Banquo killed but revealing his guilt afterward. Finally he had the family of a potentially opposing thane murdered to send a message to him. Unchecked ambition has been the bane of powerful men and women throughout history and nothing has changed in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth.

Free Essays on Global Warming

The earth’s temperature is constantly changing and thus causes environmental determinism where man must change his lifestyle to adapt with the environment. The constant changing of the environment due to natural effects as well as hazards caused by humans such as pollution and abuse of natural resources is affecting the earth as well as man. Mankind lives heavily depend on the environment. For survival humans consume food from the natural environment and use other natural resources for other basic survival needs. Environment defined by the Webster’s dictionary is â€Å"Surrounding conditions, influences, or forces.† The state of the environment is heavily dependent on mankind. With the constant abuse put upon the earth, the natural resources of the earth, deterioration is going to occur. Global warming is a process that is becoming more serious as the green house affect takes place. The definition of global warming according to the Encarta online dictionary is â €Å"an increase in the world’s temperatures, believed to be caused in part by the greenhouse effect and depletion of the ozone layer.† This process increases the earth’s temperatures causing the melting of ice glaciers and other detrimental effects to plague the earth. Fossil fuel burning, disintegration of the ozone layer and deforestation all play factors in the dangerous global warming process. With the constant degradation of the environment by man, global warming is inevitable. The burning of fossil fuels and exhaust emissions increases air pollution, which effects global warming. A fossil fuel is any carbon containing fuel for example coal, peat, petroleum, and natural gas derived from the decomposed remains of prehistoric plants and animals. The United States accounts for 25% of worldwide energy consumption, while it has less than 5% percent of world’s population. Fossil fuels are primarily used to produce energy for automobiles, to provide heat, and fuel indu... Free Essays on Global Warming Free Essays on Global Warming Is global warming a problem? The answer to this question is a resounding .... maybe. The reason I say maybe is that the debate over global warming is a mix of solid scientific facts and subjective interpretations of those facts. Aside from the uncertainties in the scientific information on the physical aspects of global warming, there is considerable 'wiggle room' for a wide range of subjective interpretations of the science and the implications of its uncertainties. During conferences, in the hallowed halls of Congress, in the media, and, increasingly, around the dinner table, people are discussing whether global warming IS a problem and, if so, is it a problem societies can cope with either through prevention or adaptation? The outcome of much of this discussion becomes centered on what the meaning of the word "is" is. The following paragraphs are responses to questions often raised by one group or another, either to clarify or to undermine the various opposing views on global warming of the atmosphere and the role, if any, of human activities in that warming trend. Is global warming happening, as we speak? It appears that all observers agree that the global climate has warmed up in the past few decades. However, some argue that the warming began with the onset of the Industrial Revolution, in the early 1800s, and continues today. They agree that there have been ups and downs in the trends of global average temperature, but those fluctuations do not undermine the basic tenet that the global climate is warmer today than in past decades. Others (the "naysayers" or non-believers in climate change) agree that there is a warming trend over the past few decades but that the variability of recent global climate falls within the range that might be expected from the behavior of "normal" climatic conditions over longer periods of time, such as centuries. Thus, they downplay the view that human activities are affecting global climate. ... Free Essays on Global Warming Canada is one of the best places to live in the world because it has so much to offer. There are ten provinces and three territories, and it is the second largest country in the world with over thirty million people and growing. There are two official languages, English and French; however, it is so culturally diverse that a variety of ethic groups can coincide together, as they strive for a better life. Canada has one of the highest literacy rate, as well as good health care and education systems, which means that they have a high standard of living. The citizens of Canada live in a democratic society where they are all equal and are given the freedom of speech, without fear of an oppressive government. Another benefit that Canada presents is their ability to move with technology, which plays an important part in their future as well as their current state in the booming economy. It would appear that Canada is an ideal place live, yet in order to succeed and live in this fast past e nvironment, a few unknowingly sacrifices have been made. Canada is one of the main contributors of emission and other deadly gases, which leads to global climate change and therefore should take a more aggressive approach in finding solutions. By not concentrating on finding ways to reduce emission gases, the ozone layer continues to deplete, and therefore causes the climate to change world wide. Nevertheless it is also important to understand how exactly climate can change. Climate change, or global warming as it is other wise known as, is the result of when the levels of greenhouse gases rise and less infrared light, or heat, escapes the earth’s atmosphere. The earth’s atmosphere is made up of seventy-eight percent of nitrogen and twenty-one percent of oxygen. That means that one percent of gas that is left comes from water vapor, carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), nitrous oxide, and methane, which are other wise known as trace gases. Hu... Free Essays on GLOBAL WARMING Have you ever wondered what happens when too much carbon dioxide gets omitted into the Earth’s atmosphere? Well, if you’re anything at all like me you probably haven’t nor have you yet realized how serious that is. The condition is called global warming. This might sound familiar to most of you, but to those of you who share my cluelessness of environmental issues global warming is the rising of the Earth’s surface temperature due to chemicals in the atmosphere. Yes, this issue is as serious as it sounds and in order for you to fully grasp the importance of this issue I will discuss why the Earth is getting hotter and what will happen if the warming continues. The Earth is kept warm enough to support life through a process known as the â€Å"greenhouse effect.† Our only source of heat is the Sun, whose rays warm the surface of the Earth. The Earth reflects this heat back into the atmosphere. If all of the heat escaped into space, our planet would be too cold for us to survive. Fortunately heat is trapped in the atmosphere by so-called "greenhouse gases", and some of the warmth finds its way back to the surface of the globe via the troposphere, the lower part of the atmosphere. Unfortunately, many modern human activities produce greenhouse gases as waste. Carbon dioxide, which is one of the most common, is produced in vast quantities by industrialized nations like ours, and as more and more countries are becoming industrialized, the volume of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing. Another important contributor to the problem is methane, which is released by farm animals and rotting trash. All these gases in the air have started to increase the global temperature and will ultimately lead to a change in the Earth’s climate. Another cause of the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere is deforestation. If we all stayed awake in Biology class we learned that trees take in carbon dioxide and release oxyg... Free Essays on Global Warming Global warming is the warming near the earth's surface that results when the earth's atmosphere traps the sun's heat. The earth is getting warmer. The changes are small, so far, but they are expected to grow and speed up. Within the next fifty to one hundred years, the earth may be hotter than it has been in the past million years. As oceans warm and glaciers melt, land and cities along coasts may be flooded. Heat and drought may cause forests to die and food crops to fail. Global warming will affect weather everywhere, plants and animals everywhere, people everywhere; humans are warming the earth's atmosphere by burning fuels, cutting down forest, and by taking part in other activities that release certain heat trapping gases into the air. One major cause of global warming is the use of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas that were formed from the remains of plant material deposited during the earth's carboniferous period. We have known for only a few thousand years that coal, oil, and natural gas can be burned to provide energy. It was not until the mid-1800s, however, that we began to burn very large quantities of these fossil fuels. The worldwide consumption of fossil fuel has increased dramatically. The world now burns at least five billion tons of fossil fuel each year. As this carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels enters the atmosphere, some of it is taken up by photosynthesizing plants, and the oceans absorb some. But because we are burning so much fossil fuel at such a rapid rate, we are putting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere much faster than these natural processes are taking it out. There is no longer a balance between the amount of carbon dioxide being added to the air an d the amount of carbon dioxide being removed. As a result, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is steadily increasing. Unfortunately, burning fossil fuels is not the only thing that we humans are doin... Free Essays on Global Warming Global Warming Most of the world today regards the â€Å"global warming† as both real and dangerous. Many aspects, however, have already been discounted by the scientific community. Fears of massive sea level increase, accompanied by many early discussion about global warming. Scientist afraid the sea level would increase onto land due to the melting of ice. It is now widely agreed that even the potential contribution of warming to sea level rise would be swamped by other more important factors (Moran, 1999). These factors include hazardous gases and pollutants. We are entering a period of global warming as a result of burning vast amounts of fossil fuels. By burning fossil fuels, â€Å"we are putting into the air more gases that act like a globe of glass around the planet† (National Geographic, 1990). The ‘globe of glass’ is a mixture of all the fuels that remains permanently on the surface of Planet Earth. It is called glass because it prevents cooling air from entering causing the Green House Effect. Many scientists believe that human processes are contributing to global warming regardless of impact of natural cycles also causing climate change (Keller, 1999). The earth’s climate is predicted to change because human activities are altering the chemical composition of the atmosphere through the buildup of greenhouse gases – primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. The heat-trapping property of these gases is undisputed. Although uncertainty exists about exactly how earth’s climate responds to these gases, global temperatures are rising. Scientists on Hawaii’s Mauna Loa have recorded steady increase in human activities such as burning fossil fuels. Most believe that the rising CO2 level will lead to higher global temperatures and significant climate change (National Geographic, 1990). Some scientists do not be... Free Essays on Global Warming The earth’s temperature is constantly changing and thus causes environmental determinism where man must change his lifestyle to adapt with the environment. The constant changing of the environment due to natural effects as well as hazards caused by humans such as pollution and abuse of natural resources is affecting the earth as well as man. Mankind lives heavily depend on the environment. For survival humans consume food from the natural environment and use other natural resources for other basic survival needs. Environment defined by the Webster’s dictionary is â€Å"Surrounding conditions, influences, or forces.† The state of the environment is heavily dependent on mankind. With the constant abuse put upon the earth, the natural resources of the earth, deterioration is going to occur. Global warming is a process that is becoming more serious as the green house affect takes place. The definition of global warming according to the Encarta online dictionary is â €Å"an increase in the world’s temperatures, believed to be caused in part by the greenhouse effect and depletion of the ozone layer.† This process increases the earth’s temperatures causing the melting of ice glaciers and other detrimental effects to plague the earth. Fossil fuel burning, disintegration of the ozone layer and deforestation all play factors in the dangerous global warming process. With the constant degradation of the environment by man, global warming is inevitable. The burning of fossil fuels and exhaust emissions increases air pollution, which effects global warming. A fossil fuel is any carbon containing fuel for example coal, peat, petroleum, and natural gas derived from the decomposed remains of prehistoric plants and animals. The United States accounts for 25% of worldwide energy consumption, while it has less than 5% percent of world’s population. Fossil fuels are primarily used to produce energy for automobiles, to provide heat, and fuel indu... Free Essays on Global Warming The main gases that cause the greenhouse effect are water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane, which comes mainly from animal manure. Other gases like nitrogen oxide and chloroflurocarbons, man made gases, get caught in the atmosphere as well. The decay of animals and respiration are two main natural sources of carbon dioxide. In my opinion, we the people of the world should try to slow down the emission of greenhouse gases and/or find ways to balance the gases so the climate doesn’t change so rapidly. If it did, we would be forced to adapt to the new climate that we brought upon ourselves. If we had an international cooperation to put a damper on the production of chloroflurocarbons and slowed down the use of fossil fuels it would dramatically slow done the process of "global warming". Carbon dioxide pollution from the increase of industry and transportation is a major cause of global warming. These two causes are connected with the growth in the world population. As the population grows the necessity for food and other products increase, therefore industry must grow to keep up with the demand. The increase in transportation is directly due to the growing population and the need for jobs and the growing congestion on our highways. Another cause in global warming is deforestation. Trees remove carbon dioxide from the air as they grow. The carbon dioxide is released back into the air as they are cut and burned. The forest ability to reduce the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is decreasing due to massive deforestation around the world. These causes seem simple and fixable, but if they are not cut down, the Earth and its inhabitants will feel the effects. Over the last hundred years, the global temperatures have been increasing slowly, but steadily. Since 1980, the temperature has risen 0.2 degrees Celsius (0.4 degrees Fahrenheit) each decade. Scientist predict that if we continue putting the same amount of gas into the atmos... Free Essays on Global Warming Global Warming Global Warming is an important ecological issue because it has several negative effects upon our environment. Global Warming, or what has been called the Greenhouse effect, is the result of a fourfold ecological process. 1-Sunlight radiates from the sun, through space, to Earth’s atmosphere. 2- The sunlight enters the atmosphere and hits Earth. Some of it turns into heat energy in the form of infrared light. The heat gets absorbed by surrounding air and land, which in turn makes it warm. 3- Infrared rays, that are remitted into the atmosphere are trapped by greenhouse gases. 4- The gas then absorbs the light and is remitted back to the Earth’s surface and warms it even more. Left on it's own this natural process keeps our planet warm enough for habitation, but with the increases in temperature, caused by modern industry, our current way of life could become threatened. Over the past 100 years the emissions of greenhouse gases have been increasing due to increases in tec hnology and human developments. Modern factories and production plants have been responsible for depositing large amounts of gas into the atmosphere. These gases, to name a few, include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone depleting substances such as CFCs, also known as Chlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, and perfluorocarbons. Activities such as fossil fuel combustion, waste disposal, the use of refrigerators, agricultural and industrial activities, and the cutting down of forests have all played a significant role in the spread of these gases. These, and other human practices, have changed the chemical make up of the atmosphere. Between pre-industrial times and today, carbon dioxide concentrations have been on the rise. With these higher levels of gas concentration in our atmosphere the Earth's climate is slowing changing for the worse. The temperature of the Earth’s surface is as warm, if not warmer than it has been in any oth... Free Essays on Global Warming Global warming by definition is an increase in the average temperature of the earth's surface. Since the late 1800's, the average temperature has increased about 0.5 to 1.5 Fahrenheit degrees (0.3 to 0.8 Celsius degree). Scientists disagree about the causes of this warming trend. Some say that the warming trend is a natural occurrence; they say that natural process could cause the rise in temperature. Changes in the path of revolution of the Earth around the sun could cause global warming. Orbital variation changes how sunlight is distributed on the surface of the planet. But, evidence suggests that human activities have caused this unusual change in climate. The greenhouse effect is the major cause. Energy from the sun heats the earth's surface and in turn heat energy is radiated back into space. Greenhouse gasses trap some of this outgoing energy to retain heat and heat the planet. Without this natural process, the global temperature would be much lower than it is now. The problem is that these valuable and necessary greenhouse gases build up in the atmosphere and cause more and more heat to be trapped. This causes a long term warming of the planet. When excess amounts of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide (the greenhouse gasses) are released into the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect is increased. These gasses trap more and more heat and raise the global temperature. Emissions of carbon dioxide or CO2 are increasing the greenhouse effect. Natural conditions can release large amounts of CO2 and cause these fluctuations. Forrest fires and volcanic activity produce large amounts of CO2. Global warming is caused primarily by human activities most importantly - the burning of fossil fuels. When coal gas and oil are burned, they release CO2 in the atmosphere. This coincides with industrial development. Deforestation and the clearing of land reduce the amount of carbon dioxide that trees and other vegetation remove from the atm... Free Essays on Global Warming Global Warming Several issues concerning the environment are brought to the public’s attention every year, but none has more of a direct effect on earth and its environment than global warming. Coincidentally it appears to be the least of the populations concern. Global warming is the theory that our planet is getting hotter due to an increase in the greenhouse effect brought about by the increase of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere. Global warming is caused by the greenhouse gases and has several consequences that could occur if this problem is left ignored by most of the world and our nations leaders. Such consequences include our planet getting hotter, melting of large glaciers, wildlife suffering or even the inverse effect which could trigger an ice age. With that, we should take global warming step by step and educate people about it because most people do not even know what it is or that there is a problem. Our earth is protected by a large ozone (o3) lay er in the atmosphere which deflects life threatening UV rays that are given off by the sun. Without this layer we wouldn’t be able to exist as an ecosystem and all life would go extinct. â€Å"Greenhouse gases, which have built up to unnaturally high levels in the atmosphere, trap heat. They include carbon dioxide, which is emitted when fossil fuels are burned, and other gases produced by human activity EWatson 2). These gases besides trapping heat, created a hole in our ozone layer which will continue to increase in size if the level of gases remain too high. A hole in the ozone layer means that there is no ozone to protect us within that given size of the hole. Whether the hole is big or small it does have an effect on earth which we call global warming, which in turn can have several effects on the planet. One possible effect that can be attributed to global warming is the melting of large glaciers. This is serious because â€Å"The Earth’s ice cover acts as a ... Free Essays on Global Warming In the past one hundred and forty years, the average temperature of the globe has increased by approximately 0.6 °C. (Zwiers, 200) More recently, the 1990s was the hottest decade that has been recorded during this one hundred and forty year period. At first glance, this change may not appear to be significant. However, this seemingly small increase in global mean temperatures has caused some important changes in our earth’s landscape, in the 20th Century alone. Mean sea levels have increased by two millimeters annually, putting many low-lying nations in increasing danger during tropical storms. The incidence of tropical storms and other extreme weather events have dramatically increased. Temperature and precipitation shifts have forced many plants and animals to adjust their ranges upward in elevation and towards their respective poles. (Cunningham, 2000) Glaciers have been retreating at an alarming rate, and lake ice covers in the higher latitudes of the Northern He misphere last fourteen fewer days than they did at the beginning of the century. In the Northern Hemisphere, warming has caused earlier migration of birds, earlier breeding seasons, earlier plant flowering, and earlier emergence of insects. Growing seasons in the northern latitudes have been extended since the 1960s, and coral reefs in the southern latitudes have been bleached by the increased temperatures. (Cunningham, 200) Many of these observations correlated with global climate change are projected continue into the next century. In fact, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the world’s authority on climate change, predicts that the 21st Century will see a warming much more drastic than that seen during the 20th Century. Global mean temperatures are projected to increase (depending on various scenarios) by a range of 1.4 °C to 5.8 °C, with a corresponding rise in sea levels of 9 millimeters to 880 millimeters. This would place an even greater s... Free Essays on Global Warming Global Warming / Climate Changes Int’l Global Warming is shorthand for the climate changes that may result from excessive heat being trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere by so called green house gases. Global warming as defined in out test is â€Å"the gradual rise in world temperature, a suspected consequence of greenhouse gases trapping heat emitted from Earth that would otherwise escape in outer space† (380). This climate change can be attributed to several different possibilities both natural and forced through human activity. â€Å"The general state of the Earth’s climate is controlled by the balance of energy the earth releases back to space†(Colls). One natural action, which can cause change, is the Earth’s shift in orbit rotating around the sun, this changes the amount of energy we receive from the sun. Other natural causes are within the oceans, atmosphere, ice sheets and volcanic eruptions to name a few. Such natural causes have created a series of ice ages on Earth. Over more recent years humans have caused many changes to the Earth which is a major cause for global warming. The burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, landfills, methane from rice cultivation and cattle raising are all examples of man-made greenhouse effect and global warming. The Greenhouse effect more specifically is the effect of â€Å"Warming of the Earth’s atmosphere caused by the presence of certain heat-trapping ‘greenhouse’ gases in the atmosphere†(Colls). Over the past few decades scientist have been reviewing the changing weather patters due to global warming. The amount of rainfall, temperature and humidity are all showing significant change. Over the past two decades the Earth’s temperature has substantially increased as is expected to increase more. Mountain glaciers have retarded dramatically while sea levels are rising. This could cause flooding and loss of much land in years to come. In other areas there ... Free Essays on Global Warming Global warming occurs when the levels of greenhouse gasses rise and less infrared light, or heat, escapes the earth's atmosphere. Thus, the temperature experienced on Earth begins to rise. Climate change is a part of the Earth's history. There have been dramatic fluctuations in overall average temperature for the past 150,000 years that suggest a direct association with carbon dioxide levels. In the past the temperature highs and lows have been in tandem with carbon dioxide level highs and lows, this does not seem to be a mere coincidence. Carbon dioxide currently accounts for 0.03% of the gas content within the atmosphere. However, it has a disproportionate impact on the earth's temperature. Thus, minor fluctuations in the percentage of atmospheric carbon dioxide will likely have a significant effect on the global temperature. The percentage of atmospheric carbon dioxide has risen over the past century at an alarming rate. Industrial civilization is essentially driven by fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gasoline all major contributors to the raise in carbon dioxide emissions. Deforestation also releases carbon dioxide via burning and exposing the soil to sunlight. Also, since trees are a major factor in the natural processing of carbon dioxide, needing it to make up their mass, when they are cut down they can no longer serve to absorb carbon dioxide. Our practices are altering the environment and endangering society in return. Carbon dioxide is put into the atmosphere in many ways; some of which are naturally occurring and others are from human activity. Over 95% of the carbon dioxide emissions are from natural sources, and would occur even if humans were not on Earth. However, Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, due to the cyclic nature of the carbon cycle, would change little if not for human activities that produce so much every year. The present addition of 3% annually to emission...